Calcium

Calcium is the most abundant mineral in the human body and a critical macromineral required for skeletal structure and physiological signaling. While 99% of the body's calcium is stored as hydroxyapatite in bones and teeth to provide mechanical strength, the remaining 1% exists in ionized form within the blood and tissues. This ionized calcium is essential for vital processes including vascular contraction, nerve impulse transmission, and muscle function. It is naturally found in dairy products, leafy greens, and sardines, with supplements commonly available as calcium carbonate or calcium citrate.